Uma coisa que gosto de fazer com meu código é garantir que ele seja refatorado em partes gerenciáveis. No entanto, quando se trata de construir o software, acho que qualquer software de automação de compilação que acabo usando (ultimamente tem sido GNU Make ou SCons) acaba se tornando uma bagunça completa. Os arquivos de entrada parecem scripts longos que parecem desafiar a refatoração fácil. Eu gostaria de refatorá-los de alguma forma, mas o conceito de "função" não se comporta da mesma maneira em alguns softwares de automação de compilação que em uma linguagem de programação, por isso acho difícil escrever gerenciável Arquivos Makefiles ou SConscript para qualquer projeto que seja moderadamente complicado.
Alguém tem algum conselho sobre como gravar arquivos de entrada gerenciáveis para criar software de automação? Aconselhamento independente de software seria o melhor, mas mesmo o aconselhamento sobre uma ferramenta específica de automação de construção seria útil, principalmente Make ou SCons, já que é isso que eu tenho usado para projetos.
Edit: Como Thorbjørn apontou, devo adicionar alguns exemplos de contexto e uso. Estou terminando meu doutorado em engenharia química e faço pesquisas em ciência da computação. Meus projetos geralmente envolvem uma mistura de linguagens compiladas (C, C ++, Fortran) que fazem algumas das linguagens de script de trabalho pesado (Python). , Perl) para prototipagem e, ocasionalmente, linguagens específicas de domínio para prototipagem ou para fins técnicos.
Adicionei dois exemplos abaixo, aproximadamente na faixa de 250 linhas. O problema para mim é geralmente a falta de modularidade. Alguns desses projetos podem ser organizados em unidades modulares, e seria bom abstrair as partes da construção ao longo dessas linhas para tornar mais fácil para mim e futuros mantenedores acompanhar. Dividir cada script em vários arquivos tem sido uma solução com a qual estou brincando.
O segundo exemplo é particularmente importante, porque em breve vou precisar de um grande número de arquivos.
Aqui está a Makefile
aparência de uma linha de 265 para mim, tirada de um projeto real e organizada da melhor maneira possível:
#!/usr/bin/make
#Directory containing DAEPACK library folder
daepack_root = .
library = $(daepack_root)/lib
wrappers = $(daepack_root)/Wrappers/DSL48S
c_headers = parser.h problemSizes.h
f77_headers=problemSizes.f commonParam.f
f90_headers=problemSizes.f commonParam.f90
includes = -I. -Iinclude -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 \
-I/usr/lib/glib-2.0/include -I/usr/include/libxml2 \
-I/usr/include/libgdome -I/usr/include/gtest/
#Fortran 77 environment variables
f77=gfortran
fflags=-ggdb -cpp -fno-second-underscore --coverage -falign-commons \
-mcmodel=large -fbacktrace -pg
flibs=
#Fortran 90 environment variables
f90=gfortran
f90flags=-ggdb -cpp -fno-second-underscore --coverage -falign-commons \
-mcmodel=large -fbacktrace -pg
f90libs=
#C environment flags
cc=gcc
cflags=-ggdb --coverage $(includes) -mcmodel=large
clibs=
#Libraries for linking
libs=-L$(library) -ldaepack_sparse -lblas -llapack -ldl -lg2c \
-lgdome -lxml2 -lgtest -lcunit -lcholmod -lamd -lcolamd -lccolamd \
-lmetis -lspqr -lm -lblas -llapack -lstdc++ -lpcre
#Object files
objs=main.o $(dsl48sObjs) $(gdxObjs)
gdxObjs = gdxf9def.o gdxf9glu.o gamsglobals_mod.o
commonObjs=libdsl48s_model.sl cklib.o parser.o $(gdxObjs)
originalModelObjs=originalModel.o dsl48sChemkinModule.o $(commonObjs)
cspSlowModelObjs=cspSlowModel.o dsl48sChemkinModuleSlow.o cspModule.o \
$(commonObjs)
orthoProjModelObjs=orthoProjModel.o dsl48sChemkinModuleOrthoProj.o \
orthoProjModule.o basisModule.o spqrUtility.o $(commonObjs)
#Shell environment variable definitions for FUnit
FCFLAGS := $(f90flags)
LDFLAGS := libdsl48s_model.sl cklib.o gdxf9glu.o parser.o spqrUtility.o \
$(libs)
misc=*table *size.f
output=*.out
#Ftncheck flags for static analysis of Fortran 77 code
ftnchekflags= -declare -include=. -library -style=block-if,distinct-do,do-enddo,end-name,goto,labeled-stmt,structured-end
all: ckinterp.exe parserTest.exe originalModel.exe cspSlowModel.exe \
orthoProjModel.exe spqrUtilityTest.exe
#Check code style with lexical analyzer
@echo Checking program style...
ftnchek $(ftnchekflags) rhs.f
ftnchek $(ftnchekflags) resorig.f
ftnchek $(ftnchekflags) res.f
# ftnchek $(ftnchekflags) cklib.f
# ftnchek $(ftnchekflags) ckinterp.f
#Set up baseline coverage data file
@echo Set up baseline coverage data file
lcov -c -i -d . -o conpDSL48Sbase.info
#Run unit test on cspModule.f90
@echo Running unit tests on cspModule.f90...
funit cspModule
#Generate test coverage data for cspModule.f90
@echo Generating test coverage data from cspModule.f90 tests...
lcov -c -d . -o conpDSL48ScspTest.info
#Run unit test on orthoProjModule.f90
@echo Running unit tests on orthoProjModule.f90...
funit orthoProjModule
#Generate test coverage data for orthoProjModule.f90
@echo Generating test coverage data from orthoProjModule.f90 tests...
lcov -c -d . -o conpDSL48SgenProjTest.info
#Run unit tests on the parser C library
@echo Running unit tests on parser in C...
-G_SLICE=always-malloc G_DEBUG=gc-friendly valgrind -v --tool=memcheck \
--leak-check=full --show-reachable=yes --leak-resolution=high \
--num-callers=20 --log-file=parserTest.vgdump \
./parserTest.exe > parserTest.log
#Generate test coverage data for the parser wrapper C library
@echo Generating test coverage data for the parser in C...
lcov -c -d . -o conpDSL48SparserTest.info
#Run unit tests on the SparseQR C library
@echo Running unit tests on SparseQR library in C...
./spqrUtilityTest.exe
#Generate test coverage data for the SparseQR C library
@echo Generating test coverage data for the SparseQR C library...
lcov -c -d . -o conpDSL48SsparseTest.info
#Run unit test on basisModule.f90
@echo Running unit tests on basisModule.f90...
funit basisModule
#Generate test coverage data for basisModule.f90
@echo Generating test coverage data from basisModule.f90 tests...
lcov -c -d . -o conpDSL48SbasisMod.info
#Combine test coverage data
@echo Combine baseline and test coverage data...
lcov -a conpDSL48Sbase.info \
-a conpDSL48ScspTest.info \
-a conpDSL48SgenProjTest.info \
-a conpDSL48SbasisMod.info \
-a conpDSL48SparserTest.info \
-a conpDSL48SsparseTest.info \
-o conpDSL48Stotal.info
#Post-process to remove coverage statistics from automatically
#generated source code.
@echo Removing coverage statistics for automatically generated source...
lcov -r conpDSL48Stotal.info basisModule_fun.f90 \
ckinterp.f cklib.f cspModule_fun.f90 davisSkodjeAd.f90 \
davisSkodjeJac.f90 davisSkodjeRes.f90 davisSkodjeRhs.f90 \
davisSkodjeSp.f90 gdxf9def.f90 gdxf9glu.c orthoProjModule_fun.f90 \
jac.f jacorig.f resad.f resadp.f resorigad.f resorigadp.f ressp.f \
resorigsp.f senrhs.f senrhsorig.f TestRunner.f90 \
-o conpDSL48Stotal.info
#Generate HTML report of coverage data
@echo Generate HTML report of coverage data...
genhtml conpDSL48Stotal.info
@echo Open "index.html" in browser for coverage results!
originalModel.exe: $(originalModelObjs) $(f90_headers) $(f77_headers) \
$(c_headers)
$(f90) $(f90flags) -o originalModel.exe $(originalModelObjs) $(libs)
originalModel.o: dsl48sChemkinModule.o $(commonObjs) $(f77_headers) \
$(f90_headers) $(c_headers)
$(f90) $(f90flags) -c -o originalModel.o originalModel.f90
cspSlowModel.exe: $(cspSlowModelObjs) $(f90_headers) $(f77_headers) \
$(c_headers)
$(f90) $(f90flags) -o cspSlowModel.exe $(cspSlowModelObjs) $(libs)
cspSlowModel.o: dsl48sChemkinModuleSlow.o cspModule.o $(commonObjs) \
$(c_headers) $(f77_headers)
$(f90) $(f90flags) -c -o cspSlowModel.o cspSlowModel.f90
orthoProjModel.exe: $(orthoProjModelObjs) $(f90_headers) $(f77_headers) \
$(c_headers) resOrthoFast.o
$(f90) $(f90flags) -o orthoProjModel.exe $(orthoProjModelObjs) \
resOrthoFast.o $(libs)
orthoProjModel.o: dsl48sChemkinModuleOrthoProj.o orthoProjModule.o $(commonObjs) \
$(c_headers) $(f90_headers) $(f77_headers) resOrthoFast.o basisModule.o
$(f90) $(f90flags) -c -o orthoProjModel.o orthoProjModel.f90
dsl48sChemkinModule.o: dsl48sChemkinModule.f90 cklib.o problemSizes.h \
parser.o $(c_headers) $(f90_headers)
$(f90) $(f90flags) -c -o dsl48sChemkinModule.o dsl48sChemkinModule.f90
dsl48sChemkinModuleSlow.o: dsl48sChemkinModuleSlow.f90 cspModule.o cklib.o \
problemSizes.h parser.o $(c_headers) $(f90_headers)
$(f90) $(f90flags) -c -o dsl48sChemkinModuleSlow.o \
dsl48sChemkinModuleSlow.f90
dsl48sChemkinModuleOrthoProj.o: dsl48sChemkinModuleOrthoProj.f90 \
orthoProjModule.o basisModule.o cklib.o problemSizes.h \
parser.o $(c_headers) $(f90_headers)
$(f90) $(f90flags) -c -o dsl48sChemkinModuleOrthoProj.o \
dsl48sChemkinModuleOrthoProj.f90
basisModule.o: basisModule.f90 cklib.o spqrUtility.o commonParam.f90
$(f90) $(f90flags) -c -o basisModule.o basisModule.f90
spqrUtility.o: spqrUtility.h spqrUtility.c
$(cc) $(cflags) -c -o spqrUtility.o spqrUtility.c
spqrUtilityTest.exe: spqrUtilityTest.o spqrUtility.o
$(cc) $(cflags) -o spqrUtilityTest.exe spqrUtilityTest.o \
spqrUtility.o $(libs)
spqrUtilityTest.o: spqrUtilityTest.c spqrUtility.o
$(cc) $(cflags) -c -o spqrUtilityTest.o spqrUtilityTest.c
cklib.o: cklib.f ckstrt.f
$(f77) $(fflags) -c -o cklib.o cklib.f
ckinterp.exe: ckinterp.o
$(f77) $(fflags) -o ckinterp.exe ckinterp.o
ckinterp.o: ckinterp.f
$(f77) $(fflags) -c -o ckinterp.o ckinterp.f
#Recursive makefile inherited from previous graduate students
libdsl48s_model.sl: $(f77_headers) cklibDAEPACK.f
cp $(wrappers)/makefile model.mk
make -f model.mk
resOrthoFast.o: libdsl48s_model.sl
$(f90) $(f90flags) -c -o resOrthoFast.o resOrthoFast.f90
problemSizes.f: problemSizes.fpp problemSizes.h
cpp problemSizes.fpp problemSizes.f
perl -p -i.bak -we 's/# /! /;' problemSizes.f
commonParam.f90: commonParam.f
perl -p -i.bak -we 's/^#/!/;' commonParam.f
echo "commonParam t f t fpp" | pref77tof90
echo "commonParam /" | f77tof90
perl -p -i.bak -we 's/integer a/!integer a/;' commonParam.f
perl -p -i.bak -we 's/END //;' commonParam.f90
commonParam.f: commonParam.fpp problemSizes.h
cpp commonParam.fpp commonParam.f
perl -p -i.bak -we 's/^#/!/;' commonParam.f
cspModule.o: cspModule.f90
$(f90) $(f90flags) -c -o cspModule.o cspModule.f90
orthoProjModule.o: gamsglobals_mod.o gdxf9def.o gdxf9glu.o orthoProjModule.f90 \
formatLabels.f90
$(f90) $(f90flags) -c -o orthoProjModule.o orthoProjModule.f90
gdxf9def.o: gdxf9def.f90
$(f90) $(f90flags) -c -o gdxf9def.o gdxf9def.f90
gdxf9glu.o: gdxf9glu.c gdxf9def.o
#64-bit version of wrappers (with underscores)
$(cc) $(cflags) -DCIA_LEX -DAPIWRAP_LCASE_DECOR -c -o \
gdxf9glu.o gdxf9glu.c
#64-bit version of wrappers (without underscores, for C interoperability)
# $(cc) $(cflags) -DCIA_LEX -DAPIWRAP_LCASE_NODECOR -c gdxf9glu.c
#32-bit version of wrappers
# $(cc) $(cflags) -DAPIWRAP_LCASE_DECOR -c gdxf9glu.c -Iinclude
gamsglobals_mod.o: gamsglobals_mod.f90 gdxf9def.o gdxf9glu.o
$(f90) $(f90flags) -c gamsglobals_mod.f90
parser.o: parser.c $(c_headers)
$(cc) $(cflags) -c -o parser.o parser.c
parserTest.exe: parserTest.o parser.o
$(cc) $(cflags) -o parserTest.exe parser.o \
parserTest.o $(libs)
parserTest.o: parserTest.cpp parser.o
$(cc) $(cflags) -c -o parserTest.o parserTest.cpp
clean:
-rm *.bak
-rm *.f77
-rm *.log
-rm commonParam.f90
-rm problemSizes.f
-rm commonParam.f
-make clean -f model.mk
-rm model.mk
-rm *.o
-rm *.mod
-rm $(misc)
-rm *.exe
-funit --clean
-rm *.gcno
-rm *.gcda
-rm *.info
-rm *.png
-rm *.html
-rm *.css
-rm -rf html
-rm *.pyc
-rm *.lst
Aqui está um SConstruct
arquivo de 245 linhas que atualmente estou tentando organizar para um projeto que é aproximadamente tão complexo:
## \file SConstruct
# \brief Compiles the library and compiles tests.
#
import SCons
## \brief Build up directory names of each COIN library from package names
# and versions.
#
## Overall SCons environment
#
env = Environment();
flags = []
## Compile using debug versions?
#
debug = True
debugString = '-debug'
debugFlags = ['-ggdb']
dynamicLinkFlag = '-Wl,-rpath,'
if debug:
flags += debugFlags
## Compile Google Test from scratch.
#
GTestVersion = '1.6.0'
GTestStem = 'gtest-' + GTestVersion
GTestBuildIncDir = [GTestStem,
GTestStem + '/include',
]
GTestAllLib = env.Library('lib/libgtest.a', 'gtest-1.6.0/src/gtest-all.cc',
CPPPATH = GTestBuildIncDir,
CXXFLAGS = flags)
GTestMainLib = env.Library('lib/libgtest_main.a',
'gtest-1.6.0/src/gtest_main.cc',
CPPPATH = GTestBuildIncDir,
CXXFLAGS = flags)
GTestIncDir = GTestStem + '/include/gtest'
GTestLibDir = 'lib'
GTestLibFlags = ['gtest', 'gtest_main', 'pthread']
## Armadillo matrix library
#
ArmadilloLibFlags = ['armadillo'];
## Quick reminder of SCons flags:
# CPPPATH = path of headers (include directories)
# LIBPATH = path of libraries
# LIBS = flags of libraries
# CXXFLAGS = C++ compilation flags
#
## Locations of libraries installed on system in standard locations
#
StdIncDir = '/usr/include'
StdLibDir = '/usr/lib'
## Configuration information for COIN libraries
#
CoinUtilsVersion = '2.6.4'
ClpVersion = '1.12.0'
OsiVersion = '0.103.0'
CbcVersion = '2.5.0'
## Some standard directory locations of COIN libraries, with slashes added for
# for convenience.
#
CoinLibLocation = '/usr/local/COIN/'
StdCoinIncDir = '/include/coin'
StdCoinLibDir = '/lib'
CoinUtilsStem = 'CoinUtils-' + CoinUtilsVersion
ClpStem = 'Clp-' + ClpVersion
OsiStem = 'Osi-' + OsiVersion
CbcStem = 'Cbc-' + CbcVersion
if debug:
CoinUtilsStem += debugString
CbcStem += debugString
ClpStem += debugString
OsiStem += debugString
## Build up include directory names for COIN projects from constituent parts.
#
CoinUtilsIncDir = CoinLibLocation + CoinUtilsStem + StdCoinIncDir
ClpIncDir = CoinLibLocation + ClpStem + StdCoinIncDir
OsiIncDir = CoinLibLocation + OsiStem + StdCoinIncDir
CbcIncDir = CoinLibLocation + CbcStem + StdCoinIncDir
## Build up library names from COIN projects from constituent parts
#
CoinUtilsLibDir = CoinLibLocation + CoinUtilsStem + StdCoinLibDir
ClpLibDir = CoinLibLocation + ClpStem + StdCoinLibDir
OsiLibDir = CoinLibLocation + OsiStem + StdCoinLibDir
CbcLibDir = CoinLibLocation + CbcStem + StdCoinLibDir
## CPLEX
#
CpxStem = '/opt/ibm/ILOG/CPLEX_Studio_Academic123/cplex/'
CpxIncDir = CpxStem + 'include/ilcplex'
CpxLibDir = CpxStem + 'lib/x86-64_sles10_4.1/static_pic'
## Gurobi
#
GrbStem = '/opt/gurobi460/linux64/'
GrbIncDir = GrbStem + 'include'
GrbLibDir = GrbStem + 'lib'
OsiLibFlags = ['Osi', 'CoinUtils']
ClpLibFlags = ['Clp', 'OsiClp']
CbcLibFlags = ['Cbc', 'Cgl']
OsiCpxLibFlags = ['OsiCpx']
OsiGrbLibFlags = ['OsiGrb']
CpxLibFlags = ['cplex', 'ilocplex', 'pthread', 'm']
GrbLibFlags = ['gurobi_c++', 'gurobi46', 'pthread', 'm']
milpIncDirs = [CoinUtilsIncDir,
ClpIncDir,
OsiIncDir,
CbcIncDir,
CpxIncDir,
GrbIncDir,
GTestIncDir,
]
milpLibDirs = [CoinUtilsLibDir,
ClpLibDir,
OsiLibDir,
CbcLibDir,
CpxLibDir,
GrbLibDir,
GTestLibDir,
]
milpLibFlags = [OsiCpxLibFlags,
OsiGrbLibFlags,
CbcLibFlags,
ClpLibFlags,
OsiLibFlags,
CpxLibFlags,
GrbLibFlags,
GTestLibFlags,
]
##milpSolver = env.Object('milpSolver.cpp',
## CPPPATH = milpIncDirs,
## LIBPATH = milpLibDirs,
## CXXFLAGS = flags)
milpSolverTest = env.Program('milpSolverUnitTest',
['milpSolverTest.cpp',
'milpSolver.cpp'],
CPPPATH = milpIncDirs,
LIBPATH = milpLibDirs,
LIBS = milpLibFlags,
CXXFLAGS = flags,
LINKFLAGS = ['-Wl,-rpath,' + OsiLibDir])
env.Depends(milpSolverTest, [GTestAllLib, GTestMainLib])
## Chemkin source directories and files
#
ChemkinSourceDir = '/mnt/hgfs/DataFromOldLaptop/Data/ModelReductionResearch/Papers/AdaptiveChemistryPaper/AdaptiveChemistry/NonOpenSource/ChemkinII/';
ChemkinSourceList = ['cklib.f', 'pcmach.f','tranlib.f']
ChemkinSourceList = [ChemkinSourceDir + FileName
for FileName in ChemkinSourceList]
env.Depends('cklib.f','ckstrt.f')
## Cantera include directorie
#
CanteraStem = '/usr/local/cantera'
if debug:
CanteraStem += debugString
CanteraIncDir = CanteraStem + '/include/cantera'
CanteraLibDir = CanteraStem + '/lib'
CanteraTestingFlags = ['kinetics', 'thermo', 'tpx', 'ctbase', 'm',]
CanteraLibFlags = ['user', 'oneD', 'zeroD', 'equil', 'kinetics', 'transport',
'thermo', 'ctnumerics', 'ctmath', 'tpx', 'ctspectra',
'converters', 'ctbase', 'cvode', 'ctlapack', 'ctblas',
'ctf2c', 'ctcxx', 'ctf2c', 'm', 'm', 'stdc++']
CxxFortranFlags = ['g2c', 'gfortran'];
chemSolverIncDir = [CanteraIncDir,
StdIncDir,
'/usr/local/include',
GTestIncDir,
]
chemSolverLibDir = [StdLibDir,
CanteraLibDir,
GTestLibDir,
]
chemSolverLibFlags = [GTestLibFlags,
CxxFortranFlags,
CanteraLibFlags,
ArmadilloLibFlags,
]
chemSolverTest = env.Program('chemSolverUnitTest',
['chemSolverTest.cpp',
'chemSolver.cpp',
'ckwrapper.f90'] + ChemkinSourceList,
CPPPATH = chemSolverIncDir,
LIBPATH = chemSolverLibDir,
LIBS = chemSolverLibFlags,
CXXFLAGS = flags,
FORTRANFLAGS = flags,
F90FLAGS = flags)
env.Depends(chemSolverTest, [GTestAllLib, GTestMainLib])
#env.AddPostAction(milpSolverTest, milpSolverTest[0].abspath)
testAlias = env.Alias('test', [milpSolverTest, chemSolverTest])
AlwaysBuild(testAlias)
ckInterp = env.Program('ckinterp', ChemkinSourceDir + 'ckinterp.f')
canteraGTestLibFlags = CanteraTestingFlags + GTestLibFlags
#canteraGTestLibFlags = ['kinetics', 'thermo', 'tpx',
# 'ctbase', 'm', 'gtest', 'gtest_main', 'pthread']
canteraGTest = env.Program('canteraGTest',
'canteraGTest.cpp',
CPPPATH = chemSolverIncDir,
LIBPATH = chemSolverLibDir,
LIBS = canteraGTestLibFlags,
CXXFLAGS = flags)
env.Depends(canteraGTest, [GTestAllLib, GTestMainLib])
canteraMemTestLibFlags = CanteraTestingFlags
canteraMemTest = env.Program('canteraMemTest',
'canteraMemTest.cpp',
CPPPATH = chemSolverIncDir,
LIBPATH = chemSolverLibDir,
LIBS = canteraMemTestLibFlags,
CXXFLAGS = flags)
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O autoconf do GNU foi criado para tornar os makefiles mantíveis e portáveis, movendo a lógica para um script separado.
Eu consideraria usar esse o primeiro passo que você pode executar para gerenciar seus Makefiles.
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