Perguntas com a marcação «z-test»

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Como lidar com dados hierárquicos / aninhados no aprendizado de máquina

Vou explicar meu problema com um exemplo. Suponha que você queira prever a renda de um indivíduo, com alguns atributos: {Idade, Sexo, País, Região, Cidade}. Você tem um conjunto de dados de treinamento como esse train <- data.frame(CountryID=c(1,1,1,1, 2,2,2,2, 3,3,3,3), RegionID=c(1,1,1,2,...

regression machine-learning multilevel-analysis correlation dataset spatial paired-comparisons cross-correlation clustering aic bic dependent-variable k-means mean standard-error measurement-error errors-in-variables regression multiple-regression pca linear-model dimensionality-reduction machine-learning neural-networks deep-learning conv-neural-network computer-vision clustering spss r weighted-data wilcoxon-signed-rank bayesian hierarchical-bayesian bugs stan distributions categorical-data variance ecology r survival regression r-squared descriptive-statistics cross-section maximum-likelihood factor-analysis likert r multiple-imputation propensity-scores distributions t-test logit probit z-test confidence-interval poisson-distribution deep-learning conv-neural-network residual-networks r survey wilcoxon-mann-whitney ranking kruskal-wallis bias loss-functions frequentist decision-theory risk machine-learning distributions normal-distribution multivariate-analysis inference dataset factor-analysis survey multilevel-analysis clinical-trials
15
Em que nível um teste

JUSTIFICATIVA: Pule com segurança - está aqui para referência e para legitimar a pergunta. A abertura deste artigo diz: "O famoso teste de contingência qui-quadrado de Karl Pearson é derivado de outra estatística, chamada estatística z, com base na distribuição Normal. As versões mais simples do...

chi-squared proportion z-test
15
A precisão da máquina de aumento de gradiente diminui à medida que o número de iterações aumenta

Estou experimentando o algoritmo da máquina de aumento de gradiente através do caretpacote em R. Usando um pequeno conjunto de dados de admissões de faculdade, executei o seguinte código: library(caret) ### Load admissions dataset. ### mydata <-

machine-learning caret boosting gbm hypothesis-testing t-test panel-data psychometrics intraclass-correlation generalized-linear-model categorical-data binomial model intercept causality cross-correlation distributions ranks p-value z-test sign-test time-series references terminology cross-correlation definition probability distributions beta-distribution inverse-gamma missing-data paired-comparisons paired-data clustered-standard-errors cluster-sample time-series arima logistic binary-data odds-ratio medicine hypothesis-testing wilcoxon-mann-whitney unsupervised-learning hierarchical-clustering neural-networks train clustering k-means regression ordinal-data change-scores machine-learning experiment-design roc precision-recall auc stata multilevel-analysis regression fitting nonlinear jmp r data-visualization gam gamm4 r lme4-nlme many-categories regression causality instrumental-variables endogeneity controlling-for-a-variable
12
Como executar a imputação de valores em um número muito grande de pontos de dados?

Eu tenho um conjunto de dados muito grande e faltam cerca de 5% de valores aleatórios. Essas variáveis ​​estão correlacionadas entre si. O exemplo a seguir do conjunto de dados R é apenas um exemplo de brinquedo com dados correlatos simulados. set.seed(123) # matrix of X variable xmat <-...

r random-forest missing-data data-imputation multiple-imputation large-data definition moving-window self-study categorical-data econometrics standard-error regression-coefficients normal-distribution pdf lognormal regression python scikit-learn interpolation r self-study poisson-distribution chi-squared matlab matrix r modeling multinomial mlogit choice monte-carlo indicator-function r aic garch likelihood r regression repeated-measures simulation multilevel-analysis chi-squared expected-value multinomial yates-correction classification regression self-study repeated-measures references residuals confidence-interval bootstrap normality-assumption resampling entropy cauchy clustering k-means r clustering categorical-data continuous-data r hypothesis-testing nonparametric probability bayesian pdf distributions exponential repeated-measures random-effects-model non-independent regression error regression-to-the-mean correlation group-differences post-hoc neural-networks r time-series t-test p-value normalization probability moments mgf time-series model seasonality r anova generalized-linear-model proportion percentage nonparametric ranks weighted-regression variogram classification neural-networks fuzzy variance dimensionality-reduction confidence-interval proportion z-test r self-study pdf
8
Como executar SVD para atribuir valores ausentes, um exemplo concreto

Eu li os ótimos comentários sobre como lidar com valores ausentes antes de aplicar o SVD, mas gostaria de saber como ele funciona com um exemplo simples: Movie1 Movie2 Movie3 User1 5 4 User2 2 5 5 User3 3 4 User4 1 5 User5 5 1 5 Dada a matriz acima, se eu remover os valores de NA, acabarei...

r missing-data data-imputation svd sampling matlab mcmc importance-sampling predictive-models prediction algorithms graphical-model graph-theory r regression regression-coefficients r-squared r regression modeling confounding residuals fitting glmm zero-inflation overdispersion optimization curve-fitting regression time-series order-statistics bayesian prior uninformative-prior probability discrete-data kolmogorov-smirnov r data-visualization histogram dimensionality-reduction classification clustering accuracy semi-supervised labeling state-space-models t-test biostatistics paired-comparisons paired-data bioinformatics regression logistic multiple-regression mixed-model random-effects-model neural-networks error-propagation numerical-integration time-series missing-data data-imputation probability self-study combinatorics survival cox-model statistical-significance wilcoxon-mann-whitney hypothesis-testing distributions normal-distribution variance t-distribution probability simulation random-walk diffusion hypothesis-testing z-test hypothesis-testing data-transformation lognormal r regression agreement-statistics classification svm mixed-model non-independent observational-study goodness-of-fit residuals confirmatory-factor neural-networks deep-learning